Understanding Cardinal Numbers in Latin

Understanding Cardinal Numbers in Latin Latin numbers are usually adjectives. When there are three forms, the Latin number has a masculine, feminine, and neuter form, in that order. The numbers follow the appropriate declension rules. Note that there is no singular form for most of the numbers and no plural form for the number 1. Numbers 1 - unus, una, unum 2 - duo, duae, duo 3 - tres, tres, tria 4 - quattuor 5 - quinque 6 - sex 7 - septem 8 - octo 9 - novem 10 - decem 11 - undecim 12 - duodecim 13 - tredecim 14 - quattuordecim 15 - quindecim 16 - sedecim 17 - septendecim 18 - duodeviginti 19 - undeviginti 20 - viginti 21 - viginti unus 30 - triginta 40 - quadraginta 50 - quinquaginta 60 - sexaginta 70 - septuaginta 80 - octoginta 90 - nonaginta 100 - centum 200 - ducenti, ducentae, ducenta 300 - trecenti, trecentae, trecenta 400 - quadrigenti, quadrigentae, quadrigenta(*) 500 - quingenti, quingentae, quingenta 600 - sescenti, sescentae, sescenta 700 - septingenti, septingentae, septingenta 800 - octingenti, octingentae, octingenta 900 - nongenti, nongentae, nongenta 1000 - mille 2000 - duo milia Counting Numbers Eng Latin French Italian Spanish 1 one unus un uno uno 2 two duo deux due dos 3 three tres trois tre tres 4 four quattuor quatre quattro cuatro 5 five quinque cinq cinque cinco 6 six sex six sei seis 7 seven septem sept sette siete 8 eight octo huit otto ocho 9 nine novem neuf nove nueve 10 ten decem dix dieci diez

Quotes About New Years Resolutions

Quotes About New Year's Resolutions Want to get fighting fit? Or kick a bad habit? Make a New Years resolution and you are part of the  way there. The tricky part in making New Years resolutions is sticking to them. The loftier the resolution, the tougher it is to hang on to. It takes steely nerves and determination to live by what you resolve. Read these quotes about New Years resolutions to motivate you to keep your resolutions and improve your life. Neil GaimanI hope that in this year to come, you make mistakes. Because if you are making mistakes, then you are making new things, trying new things, learning, living, pushing yourself, changing yourself, changing your world. Youre doing things youve never done before, and more importantly, youre doing something. Maria EdgeworthThere is no moment like the present. The man who will not execute his resolutions when they are fresh upon him can have no hope from them afterward; they will be dissipated, lost, and perish in the hurry and scurry of the world, or sunk in the slough of indolence. Melody BeattieThe new year stands before us like a chapter in a book, waiting to be written. We can help write that story by setting goals.Alfred Lord TennysonHope smiles from the threshold of the year to come, whispering, It will be happier. AnonymousA dogs New Years Resolution: I will not chase that stick unless I actually see it leave his hand!John BurroughsOne resolution I have made, and try always to keep, is this: To rise above the little things.Mark TwainNew Years Day. Now is the accepted time to make your regular annual good resolutions. Next week you can begin paving hell with them as usual. Cyril CusackIf you asked me for my New Year Resolution, it would be to find out who I am. Andre GideBut can one still make resolutions when one is over 40? I live according to 20-year-old habits.Helen Fielding, Bridget Joness DiaryI do think New Years resolutions cant technically be expected to begin on New Years Day, dont you? Since, because its an extension of New Years Eve, smokers are already on a smoking roll and cannot be expected to stop abruptly on the stroke of midnight with so much nicotine in the system. Also dieting on New Years Day isnt a good idea as you cant eat rationally but really need to be free to consume whatever is necessary, moment by moment, in order to ease your hangover. I think it would be much more sensible if resolutions began generally on January the second.John SeldenNever tell your resolution beforehand, or its twice as onerous a duty.Henry MooreI think in terms of the days resolutions, not the years.When we once begin to form good resolutions, God gives us every opportunity of carrying them out. Albert EinsteinLearn from yesterday, live for today, hope for tomorrow. F.M. KnowlesHe who breaks a resolution is a weakling; He who makes one is a fool.

Ethical fashion Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Ethical fashion - Essay Example Consumers have certain expectations about particular product or service offerings (De la Merced, 2011). In line with this, their main concern is to acquire a product or service offering which is in line with their expectation in order to satisfy their needs. Consumers therefore focus on what they can get. This is a self-centered approach because they believe they always have the right to demand for the best. In reality, they do not care so much how the product was produced for as long as they will ultimately receive one with best quality at a reasonable cost and substantially good quality. In fact, this is further illustrated how the modern marketing approach continues to give high priority on creating certain value for customers. The modern marketing techniques ensure how to create needs for customers. In line with this, modern marketers are after of how they could specifically create a need for their product or service offerings especially in the fashion industry (Young, 2011; Oliv er, 2011). As a result, customers end up with various choices and options. They could even essentially look out for the best, but one thing for sure is clear about this, they could also demand for what is best for them. The market has become customer-centered, as customers become highly sophisticated in understanding their rights, which definitely leaves a highly competitive market with various key players trying to win as many customers as possible. This gives the opportunity for customers to have high expectations on certain products. However, the point of understanding how and who created the product would seldom come to mind. Customers care most about the kind of service given to them which particularly involves the cost (Wilson, 2011). As a result, it is not an integral part of their expectations to understand the entire process of how the product or service offering was formed, but on how much value they could get in return of the monetary value they

Operations Management Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words - 3

Operations Management - Essay Example This is mainly due to the extraordinary resilience of Disney during economic difficulties. During the last world recession towards the end of the last decade, Disney reported extraordinary profits for a company during such a tough economic time (chase & Tansik, 1983). In 1992 Disney opened up a new destination in Paris. This was after much analysis and lobbying behind the scenes on the location of the continental Europe branch. Two choices to be considered for the location were Spain and France (Cox, Blackstone & Schleier, 2003). After much analysis and consultation the Disney management decided to locate their new park in Paris France. Despite having unsuitable weather for a park such as a Disney, Paris had all the qualities of a promising market (Flynn, et. Al 1990). Paris was centrally placed in the European continent. This position made it easily accessible to many European citizens eager to experience Disney magic. However as it turned out the project almost watered down to obli vion from its opening and was still performing dismally as late as 2006 (Flynn, et. Al, 1995). Despite various administrative and structural changes in the company Paris Disney park is yet to pick up (Fuchsberg, 1992). This paper is going to look at operation management issues facing Disney, and ways in which through various theoretical explanations the operational problems can be dealt with. The Walt Disney Company founded in 1923 has been credited for its creativity, quality of services and customer oriented service, culminating to high levels of satisfaction in Disney’s clientele. It is this good legacy that prompted Disney to open up a new destination in Paris given the interest it evoked among Europeans (Goldrat, 1984; Gupta et al., 2000). Due to this, the company opened its Paris destination in 1992. Reports from different analysts and the media were highly optimistic that the breakthrough by Disney into the European market would be easy and fast. Policy of the existing Disney parks was projected to aid a lot in the venture (Goldratt, 1992; Goldratt, 1994). These factors and the overall goal of Disney of maximizing exposure and growth worldwide were projected to lead Disney through this period. Disney is also a unique family entertainment park since its services are enjoyable for people (Goldratt, 1997; Goldratt & Cox 1984). In Disney parks, different areas are themed around various areas which contain different attractions and rides which are not as scary as other rides in other parks making them acceptable to people of all ages (Goldratt et al 2000; Heizer & Render 2008). The first detrimental operational issue in Disney is the conformity of its basic setup, despite the huge regional difference in all its parks locations (Hackman & Wageman, 1995; Krajewski, 2007). All its parks from Florida to Tokyo are similar in their basic setup. The setup is basically based on American methods and style which may be alien to international customers. The comp any had opened a Tokyo Disneyland in 1982 which was a great success. The success was reinforced by huge appetite for American themes in Japan. As it would be seen in Europe, different markets portray different appetites for American inspired themes. Europeans were resentful and critical to the introduction of American culture on their continent (Meredith et al 1989). At the opening of Disney Euro the French government played a very big role. Porter’

Meiji restoration Essay Example for Free

Meiji restoration Essay Military: In 1872 the Japanese military started to use conscription. This is same as drafting in the U.S.A. All conscripts had to serve a three year period in military service, after which they were put to reserves for four years. This system was introduced by Yamagata Aritomo, and the next year this same man set up the Japanese Imperial army. He favored and used the army style of Germany, and the naval style of the British. Some years later the Samurai system was abolished totally Some Samurai were so upset, that they started a revolt. Economic: The Bakufu was ended on 1868. In 1871 the Daimyos were also dismissed, their land redistributed into smaller parts Unlike the samurai, the Daimyo received a large pension to compensate the loss of their land. In 1872 there was a land redistribution program. This was to become a more solid method than the previous system which relied totally on the price of rice A straight 3% tax was levied on the land. The government also started to sell industries which used to make Military hardware to the private buyersThese people later grew to become the Zaibatsu, which could be described as big industrial empires controlled by one family. Political: Feudalism in Japan was completely abolished during Meiji rule. Like most of Japan, also the parliament was altered heavily. Japanese government sent Ito Hirobumi to study the European parliament systems, and he especially favored the one of Britain. So the Japanese parliament, Diet, is based on the British parliament. It consists of Prime minister, upper and lower house. Hirobumi himself became the first prime minister and the upper house was made of the former nobility and the Daimyos. The lower house was chosen by the people. Also a privy council was set up to protect and review  the constitution, its sessions were lead by the Emperor Meiji himself Social:In 1872 it was ordered that all children, boys and girls both, were to attend primary school for six years. After this the girls would go home and learn more about life from their mothers, when some of the more successful boys on the other hand were allowed to go and study in a high school and then to universityExtremely high standards were expected, as students also had to learn a foreign language.

The Kennedy Assination: A Conspiracy? Essay -- American Presidents, JF

What reasons did the HSCA have in 1979 for suggesting that President Kennedy was the victim of a conspiracy in 1963? In 1976, the House Select Committee on Assassinations began to reinvestigate the events at the assassination of JFK. A report was published by the committee in 1979 stating that there was a probable conspiracy surrounding Kennedy’s death, contradicting the Warren Commission’s theory. However, the HSCA could not prove that someone other than Oswald may have assassinated the president. What the HSCA could do however, was to prove that there were flaws in the evidence that the Warren Commission used to formulate their theory about Oswald being the lone assassin of JFK. A major part to the Warren Commission’s theory was the three bullet idea, in which the first bullet supposedly passed through Kennedy’s neck and then caused Governor Connally’s three wounds in the chest, wrist and thigh. The bullet that did this damage, often referred to as the â€Å"magic† bullet, was later found on Connally’s stretcher, with no trace of blood and almost fully in tact. Attempts that have been made to recreate this situation have proved that it was almost impossible that the bullet could have, firstly, changed direction so many times to make Kennedy and Connally’s wounds and, secondly, remained so undamaged after passing through blood, bone and human tissue. The Zapruder film of the assassination also shows that there were two seconds between Kennedy and Connally being hit, indicating that they were struck by two different bullets. Governor Connally backed this up by saying that he heard a gun shot and then had time to turn a round to see where the gun shot came from, before getting hit himself. Connally also said that he was almost cer... ...e, Lynden Johnson became president after JFK’s assassination, so his motive to murder JFK would have been his desire to rule America. It is also known that the Mafia saw Johnson as a much better â€Å"friend in the Whitehouse† than JFK, which meant that Johnson could have planned JFK’s assassination with the help of Mafia. However, this is just a hypothesis and cannot be proved, like the HSCA found out when they uncovered the amount of different conspiracies that there could have been surrounding Kennedy’s death. There were too many conspiracies that couldn’t be proved which meant that the HSCA could not pinpoint who exactly did murder JFK. To conclude, judging by the flaws in the Warren Commission’s theory and the amount of people that could have benefitted from Kennedy’s death, the HSCA had good reasons to suggest that JFK could have been the victim of a conspiracy.

Internal Combustion Engine and no Diversion Required

ETOPS DEFINITIONS : ETOPS are those flights conducted over a route that contains a point further than one hour flying time at one engine inoperative, still air cruise speed under standard conditions from an ADEQUATE AIRPORT. 430 NM’s for A-310 for one hour. We have 120 minutes ETOP’S approval from DGCA. ADEQUATE AIRPORT : is an airport that meets the landing performance requirements of the aircraft ie. Ruway length, ATC, Lighting, Communications, weather reporting, Nav Aids, airport facilities and at least one instrument approach.Adequate Airports are selected at the time of planning ETOP’S routes. [Not necessary to meet PCN requirements. ACN may exceed PCN when airport is used in an Emergency – not normal use] SUITABLE AIRPORT : is an ADEQUATE AIRPORT which at the ANTICIPATED time of use. [1 Hour before earliest E. T. A. to 1 Hour after latest E. T. A. ] has weather reports OR forecasts which indicate the weather conditions to be at or above the approved minima. The X – Wind component for Runway expected should be below permitted X – Wind limits. IMPORTANTADEQUATE AIRPORTS are fixed when planning route. SUITABLE AIRPORTS vary for each flight depending upon real time weather, Facilities available/not available, etc. applicable at the time of despatch of an ETOP’S flight. In case of an actual Diversion to a SUITABLE AIRPORT, normal landing minima will apply. Check Wx for SUITABLE AIRPORT is above landing minima for that airport before entry into ETOPS area. ADEQUATE AIRPORTS may temporarily become unsuitable if any of the requirements of a ADEQUATE AIRPORT may be temporarily unavailable.WEATHER MINIMA Weather minima for airports designated as suitable enroute alternates under ETOPS Regulations are prescribed as under. It must be noted that the minima shown hereunder are for despatch release purposes only and in the event of an actual diversion, the applicable landing minima for that airport will be the controlling factor. Further, these minimas are for precision/non precision approaches at the respective airports.In the event ILS is not available, the despatch ETOP minima for that airport should be determined as per FAA Advisory circular AC 120 – 42A dated 30. 12. 1988 which lays down the following criteria. 1. Airports with 2 or more ILS on separate runways: Ceiling of 400ft and visibility of 1600m or Ceiling of 200ft and visibility of 800m above the authorised ILS landing minima; HIGHER. 2. Airports with ILS on single runway: Ceiling of 600ft and visibility of 3200m or Ceiling of 400ft and visibility of 1600m above the authorised ILS landing minima;HIGHER. . Airports with non – precision approaches: Ceiling of 800ft and visibility of 3200m or Ceiling of 400ft and visibility of 1600m above the authorised non precision landing minima; whichever is higher. NOTE : * – Based on the consideration RW 09/27 is available. # – To be used only when RW 09/27 is not availabl e for operation. CHANGING ALTERNATE IN FLIGHT There is no restriction on the Commander in changing the alternate in flight, after taking into consideration all factors, provided the aforesaid conditions are satisfied.In an emergency, the Commanders can act in the best interest of the Company and occupants of the aircraft. DIVERSION STRATEGIES Diversions due to land ASAP situations. 1. In Flight Engine Fire. 2. APU Fire. 3. Single Engine Operation. 4. Loss of Both Engine Generators. 5. Avionics Smoke. 6. Cargo Compartment Smoke. 7. Dual Hydraulic System Lo Pressure. Critical fuel Scenarios are : 1. Engine Failure. 2. Pressurisation Failure. 3. Engine & Pressurisation Failure. Depending upon the situation, 3 Strategies are used : 1. ELECTRICAL GENERATION |AVAILABLE GENERATOR’s AT |AFTER 1ST GEN FAILED |AFTER 2nd GEN FAILED OR APU |AFTER 3RD GEN FAILED | | |DESPATCH | |NOT AVAILABLE | | |NORMAL DESPATCH |2 ENG |START APU |NO DIVERSION REQUIRED |DIVERSION REQUIRED | | |1 APU |NO DIVERSION REQUIRED | | | | |1 STANDBY | | | | |MEL OR NORMAL |2 ENG |NO DIVERSION REQUIRED |DIVERSION REQUIRED |NOT APPLICABLE | | |1 APU | | | | |MEL DESPATCH |2 ENG | | | | | |1 STANDBY (b) | | | | (b) STANDBY GENERATOR TO BE CHECKED ON GROUND. 2. ALWAYS DIVERT TO NEAREST SUITABLE AIRPORT FOR CARGO SMOKE. 3. IF GREEN HYDRAULIC LOST, STANDBY GENERATOR U/S, FACTOR THIS IN CASE OF MEL RELEASE FOR ELECTRICAL, SUBSEQUENT ELECTRICAL FAILURES. MEL DESPATCH CONSIDERATIONS FOR ETOP’s [NOT EXHAUSTIVE – CHECK MEL FOR ACTUAL] 1. AIR CONDITIONING. BOTH PACKS, PACK DEFLECT DOORS, TBV, PACK FAULT LIGHTS, PACK AUTO/MAN TEMPERATURE CONTROL. 2. PRESSURISATION. BOTH OUTFLOW VALVES. 3. VENTILATION.BLOWER FAN, EXTRACT FAN, OVBD VALVE, INBD VALVE. 4. AUTO FLIGHT SYSTEM. PITCH TRIM : FOR ER, #2 MAYBE INOPERATIVE. BUT BOTH OPERATIVE FROM BASE. AUTO PILOT 1 : AUTO PILOT OFF WARNING MESSAGE. TCC & AUTO THROTTLE ACTUATOR MAYBE INOPERATIVE. [FOR 1 FLIGHT TO AIRPORT WHERE REPAIRS CAN BE MADE] 5. ELECTRICAL. STANDBY GEN MUST BE OPERATIVE. DESPATCH ALLOWED FOR 1 FLIGHT TO AIRPORT WHERE REPAIRS CAN BE MADE. OR FOR ER MAY BE INOPERATIVE PROVIDED APU GENERATOR AVAILABLE AND OPERATES CONTINOUSLY WHEN IN ETOPS SECTOR [ BEYOND 60 MINUTES FROM AN ADEQUATE AIRPORT ] APU GEN EXCEPT FOR ER MAYBE INOP OR FOR ER OPERATIONS UPTO 120 MINUTES, APU GEN MAYBE U/S PROVIDED STANDBY GENERATOR IS OPERATIVE. 6.FIRE PROTECTION. BOTH FIRE LOOPS ON EACH ENGINE. 7. CRT. ALL CRT’s, ECAM SGU, FWC. ONLY IRS #2 CAN BE INOPERATIVE. IRS 1 & IRS 3 MUST BE OPERATIVE. BOTH FMS. 8. PNEUMATIC. BOTH BLEED SYSTEMS, BLEED VALVES. 9. ENGINE IGNITION. CHECK MEL. 10. IMPORTANT FOR ETOPS STANDBY HORIZON, BOTH OIL QUANTITY, FUEL QUANTITY INDICATIONS, â€Å"DC ESS ON BATT† LIGHT, APU INDICATIONS ON ECAM, FUEL X – FEED, 2 HF, 2 VHF. ETOPS FUEL AND FLIGHT PLANNING EEP :ETOPS ENTRY POINT. THAT POINT ON ROUTE WHICH IS FURTHER THAN ONE HOUR FROM AN ADEQUATE AIRPORT. EXP :ETOPS EXIT POINT. THAT POINT ON R OUTE AT END OF ETOPS SEGMENT WHERE AN ADEQUATE AIRPORT IS AVAILABLE WITHIN ONE HOUR.ETP :EQUI – TIME POINT BETWEEN TWO SUITABLE DIVERSION ALTERNATES. CRITICAL FUEL SCENARIOS : IS FUEL REQUIRED ASSUMING A NORMAL FLIGHT AND 3 DIFFERENT FAILURE SCENARIOS AT CRITICAL POINT. THE 1 REQUIRING MOST FUEL IS ETOPS CRITICAL FUEL SCENARIO. THE THREE FAILURES ARE ( ENGINE FAIL. ( DE PRESSURISATION. ( ENGINE FAILURE AND DEPRESSURISATION. FUEL REQUIREMENT ? FUEL BURN OFF FROM CRITICAL POINT TO DIVERSION AIRPORT, DOWN TO 1500 FEET OVERHEAD. ASSUMING SIMULTANEOUS FAILURE OF ENGINE AND PRESSURISATION, IMMEDIATE DESCENT TO 10,000’ THEN CRUISE AT SINGLE ENGINE SPEED. ? 15 MINUTES HOLDING AT 1500’ AT GREEN DOT SPEED. ? ONE INSTRUMENT APPROACH, SECOND VISUAL APPROACH. 5% OF FUEL BURN OFF AS CONTINGENCY FUEL. ? 5% FUEL MILEAGE PENALTY OR A DEMONSTRATED PERFORMANCE FACTOR. ? EFFECT OF MEL – CDL. ? APU FUEL CONSUMPTION IF REQUIRED AS POWER SOURCE. ? WIND AND MET CONDITIONS CONSID ERED FOR CRUISE AT SINGLE ENGINE ALTITUDE THEN TO DESCEND AND LAND INCLUDING ICING CONDITIONS, WING ANTI – ICE, NACELLE ANTI – ICE AND DRAG FROM ICE ON UNHEATED PORTIONS OF AIRCRAFT. ? ATC CONSTRAINTS. AIR INDIA ETOPS FLIGHT PLAN ETOPS ANALYSIS. CIRCULAR A310/99/RED-11. FOR THE CHOSEN SUITABLE PAIR OF AIRPORTS FOR THE FLIGHT, THE EARLIEST/LATEST TIME OF ARRIVAL IS GIVEN. EXAMPLEVOMM SUITABLE 2140Z/0139Z [EARLIEST BASED ON 2 ENGS, LATEST 1 ENG] WMKP SUITABLE 2335Z/0139ZTHESE TIMES ARE BASED ON ONE HOUR BEFORE EARLIEST ARRIVAL TO ONE HOUR AFTER LATEST ARRIVAL. EARLIEST ARRIVAL TIME BASED ON TWO ENGINE OPERATIVE SPEED. LATEST ARRIVAL TIME BASED ON ONE ENGINE INOPERATIVE SPEED. THE CRITICAL FUEL CALCULATION IS BASED ON ABOVE CHOSEN PAIR OF SUITABLE ALTERNATES. FORMAT ? ETP LAT/LONG / DISTANCE FROM ORIGIN AIRPORT TO ETP / FLIGHT TIME FROM ORIGIN AIRPORT TO ETP / BURNOFF FROM ORIGIN AIRPORT TO ETP / ESTIMATED FUEL REMAINING OVER ETP. ? TIME FROM ETP TO ALTERNATE BASED ON ONE ENGINE FIXED TAS / TEMP AT FL100 AT ALTERNATE 1 / ETP / ALTERNATE 2 ? THEN FOLLOWS A SUMMARY OF GREAT CIRCLE DIST / MET DATA FROM ETP TO BOTH SUITABLE ALTERNATES. FUEL CALCULATION IS BASED ON LRC ALSO WEIGHT OVER ETP IS GIVEN. THE LAST PART CONTAINS THE CRITICAL FUEL CALCULATION REQUIRED TO DIVERT TO ALTERNATES FROM ETP. ? THE FIRST COLUMN ON THE LEFT SIDE GIVES THE MOST LIMITING FUEL REQUIRED FOLLOWED BY TIME FOR THE ENTIRE LINE. THE TOTAL OF THIS COLUMN WHICH GIVES YOU THE TOTAL CRITICAL DIVERSION FUEL. ? TOTAL CRITICAL DIVERSION FUEL PLUS FUEL FROM ORIGINAL AIRPORT TO ETP IS EQUAL TO TOTAL ETOPS REQUIRED FROM ORIGIN. ? THE NORMAL FLIGHT PLAN FUEL SHOULD BE HIGHER THAN THIS FUEL. ? NOTE TAXI FUEL IS NOT INCLUDED IN THE ABOVE CALCULATIONS. STANDBY GEN CHECK [DONE BY AME] / FUEL X – FEED CHECK FOR ETOPS. REFERENCES FOR ETOPS ? STANDING ORDERS PAGE 7 – 16 [ EXTRACTS ON NEXT PAGE ] ? FLIGHT DESPATCH MANUAL ? CIRCULARSA-310/1999/RED-118/4/99ETOPS FLIGHT PLANNING A-310/20 01/RED-288/7/01ETOPS A-310 [IMPORTANT CIRCULAR – HAS ALL OUR ROUTES, ETOPS SEGMENTS AND ETOPS ALTERNATES] ? OPS/HQ/A-310/92-4 26/8/92 ? JEPESSEN – ETOPS WEATHER MINIMA STANDING ORDERS ON ETOPS ? NOTE – IN CASE OF ENGINE FAILURE OR SINGLE/MUTIPLE PRIMARY SYSTEM FAILURE IT IS A REQUIREMENT THAT PILOT DIVERT TO NEAREST ADEQUATE/SUITABLE AIRPORT. ? AS FAR AS POSSIBLE RETURN OR PROCEED TO AN ONLINE AIRPORT WITHIN THE STIPULATED RANGE OR LAND AT AN AIRPORT ON THE TRACK. ? IF MORE THAN ONE SUITABLE ALTERNATE AVAILABLE, CONSIDER AVAILABILITY OF ENGINEERING. ETOPS ENROUTE ALTERNATES. SECTOR |ALTERNATES | | | | |MAA – HKG – MAA |CHENNAI, BANGKOK, PHUKET | |BBG – SIN – BBG |CHENNAI, BANGKOK, PENANG, PHUKET, YANGOON | |SIN – DEL |PHUKET, CHENNAI, MUMBAI | |TRV – SIN – TRV |COLOMBO, PENANG, PHUKET, CHENNAI / KUALA LUMPUR, | | |CHENNAI / SINGAPORE | |BOM – SIN – BOM |CHENNAI, BANGKOK, PENANG, YANGOON, PHUKET | |MAA – KUL- MAA | | |MAA – SIN – MAA | | |BOM – DES – BOM |SALALAH / MOMBASA | |BOM – NBO – BOM |SALALAH / SEYCHELLES. MALE / SEYCHELLES | ———————– NO OBSTACLE (STANDARD STRATEGY) DESCEND WITH MCT/M0. 80/300 KTS ON REACHING S. E. ALT LRC 2. 16. 30 – Pg 7 TO 10 OBSTACLE PROBLEM (OBSTACLE STRATEGY) DRIFT DOWN WITH GREEN DOT SPD. MCT 2. 16. 30 1-2 AT D. D. ALT. IF OBSTL NOT CLD. MAINTAIN GREEN DOT/MCT, SEL HIGHER ALT TO CLR OBS. AND LVL CHG TO ACHIEVE ASC CRZ. IF OBS CLRD. FOR SUBSEQUENT CRZ USE LRC 2. 16. 30 – Pg. 7 TO 10 MINIMUM TIME DIVERSION (MIN TIME DIVERSION STRATEGY) FOR UN- EXTINGUISHED FIRE,SMOKE DESCEND AT MCT & M0. 84/340 KTS RECOMMENDED – FL180 TO FL200 ON REACHING S. E. ALT. MAINTAIN MCT OR REQ THRUST FOR 340 KTS. 2. 16. 40 – Pg. 2 – 4 FL180 – FL200 | |PRECISION APPROACH |NON PRECISION APPROACH | |AIRPORT |CEILING ft |VI SIBILITY mtrs CEILING ft |VISIBILITY mtrs | | | | | | | |ADEN |- |- |890 |3600 | |BANGKOK |400 |1600 |910 |4000 | |CHENNAI |650 |3200 |1250 |6000 | |CHIANG MAI |690 |3200 |1170 |5200 | |COLOMBO |630 |3200 |910 |3600 | |DANANG |690 |3200 |1070 |4800 | |DAR E SALAAM |600 |3200 |1070 |4800 | |DEN PASAR (Bali) |700 |3200 |860 |3600 | |DJIBOUTI |600 |3200 |900 |3800 | |HANOI |630 |3200 |1000 |4000 | |JAKARTA |420 |2000 |890 |4000 | |KARACHI |620 |3200 |790 |3200 | |KUALA LUMPUR |400 |1600 |940 |4000 | |KUNMING |680 |3200 |1200 |5200 | |LEARMONTH |- |- |900 |4900 | |MALE |730 |3200 |870 |3600 | |MOMBASA |600 |3200 |860 |3600 | |MUMBAI |* 610 |* 3200 1760 |6400 | | |# 900 |# 4400 | | | |MUSCAT |620 |3200 |960 |4000 | |NAIROBI |600 |3200 |1200 |6000 | |PENANG |690 |3200 |1550 |5600 | |PHUKET |- |- |1270 |5600 | |SALALAH |620 |3200 |830 |3600 | |SEYCHELLES |840 |4000 |1390 |6400 | |SINGAPORE |400 |1600 |970 |4000 | |YANGON |670 |3200 |900 |5300 | |ETOP MINIMA FOR AIRPORTS WHICH CAN BE USED I N PLACE OF BOMBAY FOR GULF SECTORS [14 NOV 2002] | |AHMEDABAD |650 |3200 |950 |5200 | |CALICUT |1060 |5100 |1450 |6600 | |COCHIN |690 |3200 |1010 |4400 | |GOA |850 |3500 |990 |4800 | |TRIVANDRUM |650 |3200 |1170 |6000 | LAND ASAP DIVERSION SUMMARY FAIL ENGINE FIRE ENGINE OR APU SMOKE AVIONICS CARGO DUAL GENERATORS, HYDRAULIC

Engineering Students Towards Engineering Drawing Education Essay

The attitude of technology pupils towards technology drawing was studied in this research under pupils ‘ position of their coachs ‘ instruction manner, schoolroom environment, single perceptual experiences and features, pre-knowledge of the class and survey stuffs. This questionnaire-based cross sectional study survey of 2nd to 5th twelvemonth technology pupils of the four Departments ( Civil, Mechanical, Electrical and Agricultural ) in the College of Engineering of Federal University of Agriculture, Abeokuta was conducted in 2012. The consequence showed that the pupils have positive attitude towards technology drawing but for the teaching manner of the instructors. It was recommended that instructors of technology drawing should be interested in the topics that they teach, be able to emphasis the demand of the topic to the pupils and see the success of their pupils of import. Keywords: pupils, technology, attitude, pullingIntroductionCommunication accomplishments and good presentation ability are indispensable for an applied scientist who aspires to transport out his/her professional pattern in the planetary sphere ( Riemer, 2002 ) . The ability to interchange thoughts, understand others ‘ positions, work out jobs and successfully use the stairss and procedures presented depends significantly on how effectual one is able to pass on with others ( Windle and Warren, 1999 ) . Graphic linguistic communication normally found among proficient professionals for communicating of thoughts and information from one individual to another is technology pulling ( Thomas et. al. , 1993 ) . This is used to clearly and briefly pass on all the information necessary to transform an thought or a construct into world. It contains in writing representation of its topic, dimensions, notes and specifications ( Taffesse and Kassa, 2005 ) . Engineering artworks design and bu ilding might every bit good be the most of import class of all surveies for technology or proficient calling. This is so because it is used by interior decorators, technicians, sanitarians and applied scientists to pass on designs and building inside informations among the members of these professions. The graphics is written in the signifier of drawings that represent the form, size, and specifications of physical objects. It is read by construing drawings so that physical objects can be constructed precisely as originally conceived by the interior decorator ( Taffesse and Kassa, 2005 ) .Design theoretical accountIn design procedure, working with design theoretical account is cardinal construct to the interior decorator. The design theoretical account is the reproduction of the theoretical account to be design. This theoretical account could be an abstraction that a interior decorator thought out, convey it on paper in study and/or note signifier, carry out some computations on it, bring forth elaborate formal technology drawings in 2D/3D position either conventionally or computing machine aided through to physical paradigms. The interior decorator uses the theoretical account of design to record and develop thoughts and to supply a footing to measure the design ( Sharma, 2009 ) . In the instance of larger design undertakings where more than one applied scientist is involved, design theoretical accounts are utilised to pass on and show thoughts between all those concerned with the merchandise design, development, industry and usage ( Sharma, 2009 ) . These accomplishments are needed by interior decorator generate and work with this theoretical account in order to efficaciously pass on thoughts and develop a design ( Sharma, 2009 ) . Engineering drawings are used in many different applications. For case, Surveyors, civil applied scientists, sanitarians use technology drawings to document such plants as the layout of a new subdivisions, or the marker of the bou ndaries for a piece of belongings. Contractors and building forces use proficient drawings as their bluish prints in change overing architectural and technology designs in to world ( Taffesse and Kassa, 2005 ) .AttitudeEveryone desires good consequences from our attempts. Most people are willing to set in their best to accomplish the success and felicity they want. Everyone has the capacity to set in 1s unconditioned potencies into action to get what one desire. But one thing that determines the extent to which one passionately acquire involved in one ‘s enterprise and maximise one ‘s possible to bring forth the quality of the consequence one receive is attitude ( Rohn, 2000 ) . Attitude is a mental province that pre-disposes a individual to move in a certain manner towards the attitude object ( Oppenheim, 1992 ; Sudman, and Bradburn, 1982 ; Oskamp, 1991 ) . When pupils have positive attitude towards a peculiar capable country they tend to show that by systematically put ing more clip and attempt in that capable country by assisting themselves through seeking extra acquisition chances to do up for whatever oversights they may be holding ( Lindquist, 1980 ) . Surveies carried out by Simpson, 1978 and Young, 1998 supposed that positive attitudes towards prescribed larning activities and stuffs by and large facilitate the accomplishment of the coveted acquisition results. Researches In instruction, suggests that pupil attitudes toward a capable country lead to academic success ( Popham, 2005 ; Royster, Harris, & A ; Schoeps, 1999 ) People ‘s attitude can be affected by unwilled misinformation provided from a negative beginnings of influence by voluntary entry ( Rohn, 2000 ) . Everyone influences and is being influenced from clip to clip. However, one determines the extent of one influenced and to which one is influenced. The factors that have positive strong influence on our attitudes are personality, environment, word look, avowal, self image, a ssociation, physical visual aspect ( Eromon, 2010 ) . Research carried out by Goodykoontz, 2008 on factors that affect college pupils ‘ attitude toward mathematics inferred that pupil attitudes are largely affected by four external factors: the instructor, learning manner, schoolroom environment, and appraisals and accomplishment. Additionally, one internal factor that besides affect pupil attitude, is single perceptual experiences and features. By and large talking, technology drawing is a topic that is frequently disliked may be due to clip involved, back interrupting strivings as pupils describe it, enormous work load, deficiency of spacial ability, inability to acquire the preciseness of dimensions, deficiency of cognition of the importance or kernel of the class etc. Undergraduate pupils of Federal University of Agriculture, Abeokuta are non left out of this tendency of complain which in bend show in their public presentations. Relationship between pupil attitudes and acc omplishment degrees, in some peculiar surveies have suggested that accomplishment degrees have a causal influence on pupil attitudes ( Hannula, 2002 ; Tapia & A ; Marsh, 2001 ; Lopez, Lent, Brown, & A ; Gore, 1997 ; Midgley, Feldlaufer, & A ; Eccles, 1989 ) Academic attainments in establishments of higher acquisition can be considered as an result of two factors: the first is the single properties and the 2nd factor is the systems of instruction and forms of leaving cognition that are organized within schools ( Akinleke, 2012 ) . This survey intends to happen out the effects of both factors as it relates to technology pupils ‘ academic public presentation in technology drawingMaterials and MethodsThis questionnaire based cross-sectional survey of 2nd to 5th twelvemonth technology pupils of Federal University of Agriculture, Abeokuta, Nigeria was conducted in 2012. Second to 5th twelvemonth technology pupils were chosen for the survey to guarantee that participant has at least completed a subdivision in his/her university instruction. All the technology pupils in the four sections ; mechanical, electrical, civil and agricultural technology of the school were included. The sample covered all the pupils who were present at the techno logy pupils ‘ conference of the college of technology. The questionnaire was distributed and collected at the terminal of the same twenty-four hours. However the pupils that were absent for any ground during the twenty-four hours of the survey were excluded from the survey. A sum of 200 questionnaires were distributed. The ego administered questionnaire assessed information on human ecology, pupils ‘ position of their coachs learning manner, schoolroom environment, single perceptual experiences and features, pre-knowledge of the class and survey stuffs. Engagement in this research was voluntary and no inducement was offered. Informed consent was obtained from participants after being informed about anon. nature and aim of the survey. Data analysis was done utilizing statistical bundle for societal scientific discipline ( SPSS version 16.0 ) . and trial of significance was considered important was done with qis square statistics. P & lt ; 0.05 was considered important.Con sequences and treatmentsOf the 200 questionnaires distributed, 152 questionnaires out the returned 1s were considered appropriate for this survey. Incomplete questionnaires were rejected. The 152 returned questionnaires gave an overall retrieval rate of 76 % . The retrieval rate for respondents in 200 degree was 30.3 % ( 46 ) , 300 degree was 36.8 % ( 56 ) , 400 degree was 14.5 % ( 22 ) and 500 degree was 18.5 % ( 28 ) . While Civil, Mechanical, Electrical and Agricultural Engineering Departments are 16.4 % , 27.6 % , 30.9 % and 25.0 % severally. About nine-tenth ( 88.8 % ) of the respondents are males while staying ( 11.2 % ) are females ( table 1 ) . Majority ( 97.4 % ) of the respondents were in technology as their pick while 13.8 % out the 97.4 % are non in their country of involvement. These consequences showed that bulk of the pupils liked technology drawing ( 75.7 % ) while really few pupils 12.5 % did non like it from the first twenty-four hours the class was taught. More th an three-quarters-86.8 % ( 132/152 ) did non see technology drawing as a hard topic while 2.6 % ( 4/152 ) and 10.5 % ( 16/152 ) do n't cognize and make severally see it as a hard topic. As the acquisition progresses 67.8 % still did non develop any hate for the class while 15.1 % and 17.1 % developed hatred for the class and indecisive about the class severally ( tabular arraies 2 and 3 ) . As an applied scientist, one is trained in technology drawing to assist one transform an thought or a construct in to world, communicate designs and building inside informations to others, show constructs and simplify complex 3-d constructions which is a pre-requisite in any watercourse in the field of technology. On the inquiry â€Å" are you cognizant that the cognition of technology will be relevant to you as an applied scientist † 145 pupils stand foring 95.4 % reported the cognition of the importance of technology drawing to them as applied scientists, while 3 and 4 pupils stand forin g 2 % and 2.6 % of those who were nescient and cloudy ( tabular arraies 2 and 3 ) . Less than half- ( 44.1 % ) of the respondents offered proficient pulling during their secondary instruction which is the preliminary of technology pulling ethic. One-fifth ( 20.4 % ) of the respondents had information of what the class is all about and 18.4 % of the respondents reported being present at the official debut of the class ( table 4 ) . Detailed technology drawings are produced with the assistance of some particular instruments and/or equipment. Without the assistance of such tools it would hold been really hard for most people to fix technology drawings harmonizing to the general recognized standards/specifications ( Ballegu and Mpagalile ) . On the inquiry â€Å" Do you hold all the instrument needed for the drawing † 77 pupils stand foring 50.7 % reported being good equipped with the necessary drawing instruments. These instruments were provided by the pupils themselves 110 ( 72 .4 % ) ( table 4 ) . Good instruments are vehicle in technology drawing for communicating of designs and building inside informations to others. It is ever thwarting when an thought is at that place but the instrument for conveyance is defective, misfunctioning or non available. This thwarts a whole batch of thrust and thought and perchance shackles the flair for technology drawing. Learning environment is really important in sound instruction and larning procedure ( Kenpro, 2010 ) . A typical schoolroom should heighten effectual acquisition. This will engender more positive attitudes toward technology drawing, achieve more and manifest better outlining quality throughout their calling as applied scientists if the acquisition ambiance is really contributing. On the inquiry â€Å" Do you hold contributing auditorium for categories † 118 pupils stand foring 77.6 % agreed that their drawing studio is contributing with 63.8 % of them admiting that they ever get infinite for their drawings boards during pulling categories. A sum of 130 pupils stand foring 85.5 % alleged that they are adequate seats for everyone member of the category while 11 pupils stand foring 7.6 % complained that their schoolroom is crowded ( table 5 ) . There are bound of the figure of pupils under the attention and control of a instructor which if exceeded will ensue in deficient and effectual preparation and acquisition. There may besides be terrible disciplinary jobs, and some pupils might be threatened. All pupils should be treated every bit in order to file away effectual acquisition in schools ( New Arrivals Excellence Program Guide, 2007 ) .A About 44 pupils stand foring 28.9 % of the pupils complained that the entire figure of pupils in a category per category period is excessively much for a instructor to pull off. In making an effectual acquisition environment ( table 5 ) , the coach should hold thorough cognition of their topics and should be interested in the topics that the y teach, be able to unwrap the necessity for their topics, and see the success of their pupils of import ( Kenpro, 2010 ) . Teaching pupils is non ever about what is covered per period but how much the cognition that has been efficaciously passed on to them. A image is worth a 1000 words, and sometimes the easiest manner to show something is with an image. This holds true for technology, with technology drawings supplying an easy to understand graphical illustration of something which has been designed by an applied scientist. The drawings may stand for unsmooth bill of exchanges for an object which has non yet been produced, with the drawings being used to research how the point should be made, and they can besides document the procedure of doing or utilizing an point, or merely exemplify how something is supposed to look. The inquiries that assessed the position of pupils on their instructors ‘ learning method utilizing demonstrative form in their instruction revealed that 46 ( 30.3 % ) of the pupils agreed that their instructors are demonstrative in their instruction whereas 25 ( 16.4 % ) pupils hate technology as a consequence of hapless presentation. 13 pupils stand foring 8.6 % of the respondents see technology as something a bstract. On the other manus the pupils ( 68.4 % ) see their instructors as really friendly in the schoolroom ( table 6 ) . This perchance takes the pupils to category. There is high attending of pupils to technology pulling category as 83.6 % of the technology pupils reported regular attending at technology pulling categories with 25 pupils stand foring 16.4 % coverage irregular attending. There is no pupil who stays off from category seeking to analyze technology pulling on his/her ain. The pupils do non care about the clip the pulling takes, greater figure of the category do non see anything incorrect with the continuance of the technology pulling category period. About 37.5 % and 58.6 % of the respondents gets the cognition foremost manus from the instructors ever and sometimes severally. Preference for this pattern in the ever and sometimes classs were reported by 46.7 % and 49.3 % of the respondents severally ( table 2 ) . The pupils gave grounds that assignments were normally given by the instructors ever at the terminal of each of the categories with minority ( 9.2 % ) coverage regular assignment as being excessively much. The appraisal of the handiness of survey stuff showed that there are text editions available for the personal survey among 39.5 % of the respondents. A sum of 30.9 % of the respondents reported being able to use the basic cognition passed on to them in the category in other job and obtain the solution and 40.8 % of the respondents reported working more for better personal development ( table 7 ) . Table 1. Demographic features of the respondents Table 2. Class attending and personal sentiment across different degrees Table 3. Importance of technology Pulling Table 4. Possession of drawing tools Table 5. Classroom status Table 6. Teacher and instruction manner Table 7. Study stuff and personal developmentDecisionThe attitude of technology pupils towards technology pulling discussed under pupils ‘ position of their coachs learning manner, schoolroom environment, single perceptual experiences and features, pre-knowledge of the class and survey stuffs showed that pupils have positive attitude towards technology drawing. The lone challenges the pupils are confronting is the learning manner of the instructors. This survey has shown that when there is contributing environment, friendly instructors, positive perceptual experience and character, good survey stuffs and instruments, the instruction manner factor can travel a long manner to impact the pupils. The thought of pulling out syllables and covering it at the terminal of the survey twelvemonth is good but non much more is how many of those things passed on to the pupils meets the original purpose. It is recommended that instructors of technology drawing should be interested in the topi cs that they teach, be able to demo the demand of the topic to the pupils and see the success of their pupils of import.RecognitionsThe writers are thankful to the undergraduate pupils of Federal University of Agriculture, Abeokuta whose engagement made this research a success.

Section 5 Essays

Section 5 Essays Section 5 Paper Section 5 Paper What is a trophic state of a water body, and what factors influence this state? †¦? Factors influencing are P, Chlorophyll, and turbidity.Temperature, pH, sediment load, dissolved oxygen, nutrients, metalsOligotrophic: BlueEutrophic: GreenMesotrophic: In between. What factors affect the temperature of a water body? Water upstream, ground water vs. surface run off. What factors affect the pH of a water body? Acids and bases. Inputs and by alkalinity and acid neutralizing capacity. What factors affect the dissolved oxygen of a water body? Affected by temperature, altitude, turbulence, and partial pressure in the dissolved phase (autotrophs). Oxygenating bodies increases degradation of organic matter load and can be applied as a restoration technique. How can high sediment load impair water quality? It delivers nutrients and toxins, shade water columns, fills pore space, water temperature, habitat†¦? Which two elements are â€Å"nutrients†, and what are sources of these nutrients to water bodies? Nitrogen and Phosphorous – most commonly limit growth of aquatic plants and algae. Sources: Natural fixation, fertilized, fossil fuel combustion. Define eutrophication, and list some of its harmful consequences. Process where water bodies receive excess nutrients that stimulate excessive plant growth. Negative effects can include hypoxia (depletion of oxygen in the water†¦ can result in reductions in fish and other animal populations). Excessive algae, their death results in depletion of oxygen in water. Related Papers Lab interreach variability The Nitrogen Cycle Changes in the Earth’s Atmosphere Human Influences on the Environment My Role in Preserving Natural Resources Pond Water Section 6: Juliet is alone on stage What is a Sewage Treatment Plant? How to cite this page Choose cite format: Section 5. (2018, Feb 04). 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Deadline Paper type Essay (Any Type) Admission Essay Annotated Bibliography Argumentative Essay Article Review Book/Movie Review Business Plan Case Study Coursework Creative Writing Critical Thinking Presentation or Speech Research Paper Research Proposal Term Paper Thesis Other Article (Any Type) Content (Any Type) Q&A Capstone Project Dissertation Lab Report Scholarship Essay Math Problem Statistic Project Research Summary Assignment Dissertation chapter Speech Dissertation chapter: Abstract Dissertation chapter: Introduction Dissertation chapter: Hypothesis Dissertation chapter: Literature Review Dissertation chapter: Methodology Dissertation chapter: Analysis/Results Dissertation chapter: Discussion Dissertation chapter: Conclusion Dissertation Proposal Thesis Statement Thesis Proposal Application Essay Pages 550 words(double spaced) 126 writers online Check Price A limited time offer! Get custom paper sample written according to your requirements urgent 3h delivery guaranteed Order now section 5 Paper Essay Topic: Poetry Orchestration The technique of setting music for instruments in various combinations. Page 192 Through-composed Song structure that is composed from beginning to end without repetitions of large sections. Page 196 Modified strophic form Song structure that combines elements of strophic and through-composed forms; a variation of strophic form in which a section might have a new key, rhythm, or varied melodic pattern. Page 196 Lied German for song; most commonly associated with the solo art song of the nineteenth century, usually accompanied by piano. Page 195 Lieder Plural of Lied. Page 196 Song cycle Group of songs, usually Lieder, that are unified musically or through their texts. Page 196 Art song A song that sets a text connected to a tradition of high-art poetry. See also Lied. Page 195 Strophic form Song structure in which the same music is repeated with every stanza (strophe) of the poem. Page 196 Rubato Borrowed time; common in Romantic music, in which the performer hesitates here or hurries forward there, imparting flexibility to the written note values. Also tempo rubato. Page 204 Minstrel shows Racially charged theatrical variety shows featuring white performers in blackface, acting out idealized scenes from the plantation. Page 212 Minstrelsy See minstrel show. Page 213 Absolute music Music that has no literary, dramatic, or pictorial program. Also called pure music. Page 228 Bel canto Beautiful singing; elegant Italian vocal style characterized by florid melodic lines delivered by voices of great agility, smoothness, and purity of tone. Page 234 Impressionism A French movement developed by visual artists who favored vague, blurring images intended to capture an impression of the subject. Impressionism in music is characterized by exotic scales, unresolved dissonances, parallel chords, rich orchestral tone color, and free rhythm. Page 256 Ninth chord Five-note chord spanning a ninth between its lowest and highest pitches. Page 256 Program music Instrumental music endowed with literary or pictorial associations, especially popular in the nineteenth century. Page 216 Thematic transformation Musical expansion of a theme by varying its melodic outline, harmony, or rhythm. Also thematic transformation. Page 218 Singspiel Comic German drama with spoken dialogue; the immediate predecessor of Romantic German opera. Page 242 Music drama Wagners term for his operas. Page 244 Leitmotifs Leading motive, or basic recurring theme, representing a person, object, or idea; widely used in Wagners music dramas. Page 244 Overture Single-movement concert piece for orchestration, typically from the Romantic period and often based on a literary program. Page 221 Incidental music Music written to accompany dramatic works. Page 222 Symphonic poem One-movement orchestral form that develops a poetic idea, suggests a scene, or creates a mood, generally associated with the Romantic era. Also tone poem. Page 222 Tone poem One-movement orchestral form that develops a poetic idea, suggests a scene, or creates a mood, generally associated with the Romantic era. Also symphonic poem. Page 222 Romantic melody is best described as: Lyrical and Singeable Romantic harmony is best described as: chromatic and treated expressively Which of the following is NOT typical of Romantic music? Select one: a. smaller orchestras b. interest in new orchestral forms c. increased dissonance for expression smaller orchestras Who was NOT an author of the Romantic era? Select one: a. Victor Hugo b. William Shakespeare c. Walter Scott William Shakespeare Nicolà ² Paganini was: a virtuoso violinist Which is NOT a considered a work with an exotic narrative? Select one: a. Madame Butterfly b. Brahmss Symphony No. 2 c. Aà ¯da Brahmss Symphony No. 2 Which is NOT a new instrument added to the Romantic orchestra? Select one: a. piccolo b. English horn c. French horn French horn Musicians and composers achieved a higher social status during the Romantic era than in the Classical era. True Nationalistic feelings inspired composers to incorporate folk songs and dances from their native lands into their works. True Romantic composers rarely used dynamic markings and other expressive comments in their scores to communicate their intentions to musicians. False The Industrial Revolution produced more refined, but also more expensive, musical instruments. false The French Revolution fostered the rise of a middle-class society. True Characteristics in nineteenth-century music reveal an conscious break from the past. True Orchestration was of little value in nineteenth-century composition. false The Bohemian artist rejected the social norms of the establishment. True Nineteenth-century composers sought to make their instruments sing. True Symphonies by Romantic composers are shorter than those of the Classical era. False A song form in which the same melody is repeated for each stanza, often heard in popular music, is known as: strophic form A song form that is composed from beginning to end without repetitions of whole sections is called: through-composed form A group of Lieder unified by a descriptive or narrative theme is known as a: song cycle A Lied is an art song for solo voice and piano sung in ______. German Schuberts Erlking was written: early in his life The text of The Erlking was written by: Goethe Schubert wrote approximately_____ songs. six hundred Schubert died young from: Syphilis What is the form of Schuberts song Erlking? through-composed What does the triplet rhythm in the piano accompaniment symbolically represent in this song? the horses hooves Which best characterizes the range for the fathers role in the song? low range What expressive technique does Schubert use in the boys cry, My father, my father? high range and dissonance How is the character of the Erlking differentiated musically in the song? medium range and major mode The composer normally writes the lyrics for the Lied. False Lieder composers often set the same text as other Lieder composers true The piano was declining in popularity at the time of the Romantic Lied. False Two prominent German Romantic poets whose texts were often set to music were Heinrich Heine and Johann Wolfgang von Goethe. True Romantic Lieder texts often speak of love and/or nature. true Women composers wrote Lieder in the Romantic era. True Schubert wrote symphonies based on the forms established by Classical composers. True According to legend, a child touched by the Erlking must die. True The art song became a popular repertory for amateur and professional musicians in the nineteenth century True Frà ©dà ©ric Chopin spent most of his productive career in: France Chopin was romantically involved with George Sand, the renowned: French novelist Which genre is NOT a part of Chopins compositional output? French novelist Which is the best definition of tempo rubato? robbed time Chopins Mazurka in B-flat minor is set in _____ meter. triple What best describes the character of the Chopins Mazurka? dancelike Chopin paid homage to his Eastern European ancestry by composing: mazurkas and polonaises The piano changed little technically during the nineteenth century. false The piano was the most central instrument in nineteenth-century musical culture. true The short, lyric piano work might be considered the instrumental equivalent to the nineteenth-century Lied. true The nineteenth century was an age of great virtuoso pianists. true Romantic-era piano works often had fanciful titles. true Steinway was important in the history of the Romantic-era piano. true Chopin lived a long and productive life, turning to the church in his later years. false The mazurka was originally a noble, processional dance false Melody plays no role in Chopins piano music. false Who was NOT a woman composer of the Romantic era? Select one: a. Fanny Mendelssohn Hensel b. George Sand c. Clara Schumann George Sand Which role did women NOT generally play in Romantic society? Select one: a. conductors b. music patrons c. performers and composers conductors Which genre did Fanny Mendelssohn Hensel NOT contribute to? Select one: a. songs b. opera c. piano music opera From a trip to which country did Fanny Mendelssohn Hensel draw inspiration for her work The Year? Italy During her later years, Fanny Mendelssohn Hensel was responsible for: organizing the famous family Sunday concerts The aristocratic woman who had an important influence on Liszts later years was: Princess Carolyne Sayn-Wittgenstein The overall tempo of the melody in September: At the River by Fanny Mendelssohn Hensel is best described as adagio The concept of river in September: At the River by Fanny Mendelssohn Hensel is expressed by: quick-moving notes that accompany the melody The music of which Mendelssohn was overlooked until recently? Moses A lost manuscript of Fanny Mendelssohn Hensel, in her own handwriting, that contained September: At the River was discovered in: 1789 In the recently discovered manuscript of Fanny Mendelssohn Hensels September: At the River poetry of which nineteenth-century poet was included: Goethe Women seldom composed for the piano in the Romantic era. false Fanny Mendelssohn Hensel wrote several large-scale works as well as many Lieder. true Women played a critical role in music making in the nineteenth century, except as teachers. false Music composed for the home was associated with masculine character traits. false Fanny Mendelssohn Hensel was enthusiastically encouraged to pursue a musical career by her family false Fanny Mendelssohn Hensel lived a long and productive life. false Each of the pieces in the manuscript of Fanny Mendelssohn Hensels Das Jahr was originally accompanied by poetry and artwork. true Nineteenth-century songwriters in the United States combined elements of: a. European art song b. both a and b c. opera The songs of which nineteenth-century composer remain popular today? Stephen Foster Fosters My Old Kentucky Home was inspired by: a. his limited visits to the American South b. Harriet Beecher Stowes Uncle Toms Cabin c. both a and b Fosters Jeanie with the Light Brown Hair is primarily composed in what texture? homophonic, with some polyphony Stephen Foster is known for his ballads, minstrel show tunes, and plantation songs. true Music in eighteenth- and early nineteenth-century America was wildly divergent from European traditions. false Stephen Fosters music was popular only after his death. false The term popular means belonging to the people. true The famous American tunes Oh, Susanna!, Beautiful Dreamer, and Jeanie with the Light Brown Hair all were composed by Harry Burleigh. false Stephen Fosters music sympathized with the plight of the slaves in the American South. true The music that accompanies the lyrics of Jeanie with the Light Brown Hair reflects Fosters Anglo-Irish cultural heritage. true Stephen Foster enjoyed tremendous financial success in New York City during his thirties false Stephen Fosters Jeanie with the Light Brown Hair was inspired by real life experiences. true Instrumental music that has some literary or pictorial association is called: program music Music lacking any literary or pictorial association is called: absolute music The inspiration for Berliozs Symphonie fantastique was: the actress Harriet Smithson The main theme, heard transformed in each movement of the Symphonie fantastique, is called: the idà ©e fixe Which best describes the character of the fourth movement of Symphonie fantastique? a diabolical march What does the loud chord immediately after the statement of the idà ©e fixe in the solo clarinet at the end of the fourth movement in Berliozs Symphonie fantastique represent? the falling of the guillotines blade In which movement is the Dies irae (Day of Wrath) theme from the Mass for the Dead heard? the fifth Berliozs Symphonie fantastique exemplifies the type of program music known as: the program symphony Which of the following is NOT true about Hector Berlioz? Select one: a. Some of his works have a literary basis. b. He was a German Romantic composer. c. He was a genius at orchestration He was a German Romantic composer. The character development in Sinfonie fantastique is realized musically through the thematic development of the_______. idà ©e fixe One of Berliozs key innovations was his orchestration effects. true Hector Berlioz looked to the writings of Shakespeare as the basis for both operas and symphonic works. true Hector Berlioz wrote a good deal of music that was meant to evoke images and ideas. true Music that is designed without intended literary or pictorial meanings is called program music. false Program music composers do not indicate the intended meaning of the program music. false Which of the following is a type of program music written to accompany plays? incidental music Which term describes a one-movement work for orchestra with a literary program? symphonic poem Which term describes a one-movement work possibly written to introduce a larger work but played independently? concert overture Which composer is generally credited with the first use of the term symphonic poem? Franz Liszt The chief difference between a symphonic poem and a program symphony is: the number of movements in the work Mendelssohns music for Shakespeares A Midsummer Nights Dream is a famous example of: incidental music Which type of program best describes Smetanas The Moldau? geographic/historic, depicting actual events or places Which category of program music best describes The Moldau? symphonic poem Griegs Peer Gynt is a work that suggests _________ nationalism. Scandinavian Which nationalist composer was asked to revise his music to suit a political censor? Verdi The Moldau is part of a cycle of works known as: My Country Composers expressed their nationalism through music by basing their compositions on: a. both a and b b. songs and dances of their people c. the celebration of a national hero, event, or place Bedà ¸ich Smetana represents the: Bohemian nationalist school Nikolai Rimsky-Korsakov represents the: Nikolai Rimsky-Korsakov represents the: Edvard Grieg represents the: Scandinavian nationalist school Antonà ­n Dvoà ¸k represents the: Czech nationalist school Jean Sibelius represents the: Scandinavian nationalist school Manuel de Falla represents the: Spanish nationalist school In the nineteenth-century nationalism was not a concern among composers. false Often composers are commissioned to write nationalistic music. true Composers like Tchaikovsky only selected inspiration from their own country in writing program music. false Symphonic poems have between three to five movements. false In the nineteenth century nationalist music was often inspired by folklore. true Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of the nineteenth-century symphony? small orchestra with limited winds b. colorful harmonies c. lyrical melodies small orchestra with limited winds The third movement of the nineteenth-century symphony is most likely in: dance or scherzo form The opening melody of the third movement in Brahmss Symphony No. 3 is given to which instrument? . the cellos Which composer nurtured Brahmss talents, taking him into his home? Robert Schumann Brahms wrote his Requiem mass in memory of: his mother How many symphonies did Brahms write? four Unlike the symphonic poem, the genre of symphony is often absolute music, without a program. true The Romantic symphony follows the exact forms and proportions of the Classical genre of Beethoven. false The Romantic symphony cycle typically has three movements. false The first movement of a Romantic symphony is usually the most dramatic and features the use of sonata-allegro form. true The scherzo movement in nineteenth-century symphonies generally is characterized by a slow march tempo. false Romantic composers often wrote a longer last movement of a symphony to balance the first. true The Romantic symphony required a larger orchestra than that of the Classical masters. true Brahms wrote all four of his symphonies after he turned forty. true Brahmss Symphony No. 3 in F major uses none of the forms often found in late eighteenth-century symphonies. false In his Symphony No. 3, Brahms incorporates a melodic idea from the first movement into the other movements as well. true The literary basis for Verdis Rigoletto is: a play by Victor Hugo What is the historical setting for Rigoletto? an Italian court, during the Renaissance era Which is NOT a Verdi opera based on a Shakespeare play? Select one: a. Aida b. Otello c. Falstaff Aida Which Verdi opera is set in Egypt? Aida Which opera did Verdi write based on the story of the king of Babylon? Nabucco In the nineteenth century opera excerpts were marketed to domestic consumers via: four-hand piano arrangements The American debut tour of international singing sensation Jenny Lind was managed by: P. T. Barnum Il barbiere di Siviglia and Guillaume Tell by Gioachino Rossini both exhibit which style of singing? straight-tone Giuseppe Verdi is viewed as an Italian nationalist composer. true Rigoletto is an opera based on Victor Hugos novel The Hunchback of Notre Dame. false Jenny Lind was a famous nineteenth-century composer of opera. false Many Romantic composers looked to faraway lands or cultures for their opera plots. true Nineteenth-century Italian opera is characterized by the use of the bel canto style of singing. true After her husband began to flourish as a composer, Giuseppina Strepponi enjoyed continued success as an opera singer. false In the late nineteenth century France, Germany, and Italy developed distinct national styles. true Light German opera featuring spoken dialogue is called: Singspiel What did Wagner call his large-scale sung theatrical works? music drama How many music dramas make up Wagners The Ring of the Nibelung? four Which term refers to Wagners concept of a total artwork, encompassing all the arts? Gesamtkunstwerk What is the basis for the story of Die Walkà ¼re? a medieval German epic poem There are ____ Valkyries, all daughters of Wotan. nine Which best describes the character of Wotan? the father of the gods A leitmotif is: a recurring melodic theme that signifies something Which instrument precedes Wotans call to Loge? trombone Wagner had a theater built at Bayreuth specifically for the performance of his music dramas. true The role of the Valkyries was to carry fallen heroes from the battlefield to Valhalla on their winged horses. true Wagner employed a recurring theme called an idà ©e fixe in his operas. false Germany is noted for its long-established opera traditions. false While in Dresden Wagner began to choose subjects derived from Germanic tales. true In his music dramas Wagner created short arias that lent themselves to being separated from the larger work for performance at home. true From which source did Verdi select his text for his Requiem? the Roman Catholic Requiem Mass Verdis Requiem is part of which Christian tradition? Lutheran Verdis Requiem was criticized by the Church in the nineteenth century for: being excessively theatrical The Dies irae section of Verdis Requiem contains all of the following, except: Select one: a. soprano solo b. major key tonality c. full orchestral accompaniment major key tonality The Requiem aeternam section of Verdis Requiem is marked by which characteristics? a cappella performance The fully completed Requiem by Verdi was dedicated to whom? Alessandro Manzoni In the Dies irae section of his Requiem Verdi creates a sense of awesome terror through the use of which musical tools? a. both a and b b. dramatic orchestration including brass and percussion c. powerfully dramatic use of loud dynamics The nineteenth century witnessed an increasing interest in social choral-singing. true The nineteenth century was the first time, historically, where secular and sacred music on Christian practice became an issue. false Barbershop quartet music in the United States was influenced by singing traditions in nineteenth-century Europe. true Some of the major composers of choral music in the Romantic era include Fanny and Felix Mendelssohn, Verdi, and Brahms. true Verdi used the complete mass text for his Requiem false Verdis Requiem was written to commemorate the death of his mother: false The tone of Verdis Dies irae section in his Requiem is of quiet contemplitude. false The text of Verdis Requiem is derived from the Catholic tradition. true Prisoners condemned to die in Nazi concentration camps sang Verdis Requiem as an act of defiance. true Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of Impressionist music large-scale forms Some of Ravels music reflects his travels to: Spain The overall form of Debussys Prelude to The Afternoon of a Faun is best described as: sonata-allegro Which genre best describes the Prelude to The Afternoon of a Faun? symphonic poem The program for Debussys Prelude to The Afternoon of a Faun concerns: a mythological creature in a dreamlike state Which best describes the character of the opening theme of Debussys Prelude to The Afternoon of a Faun? chromatic and languorous Which melodic instrument is featured in the opening melody of Debussys Prelude to The Afternoon of a Faun? flute The whole-tone scale was a favored device of Impressionist composers. false Impressionist composers use various non-Western scale patterns in their works. true The Paris World Exposition of 1889 provided French composers the opportunity to hear various musical ensembles from around the world. true Impressionist composers often made use of a strongly accented meter. false Neoclassical artists and composers looked back to the Romantic era for inspiration. false Programmatic music continued in the Impressionist period. true Impressionist artists and composers looked to mythological themes for inspiration. true Debussy primarily utilized the sonata-allegro form in his large works. false Many composers in the early twentieth century continued to be influenced by non-Western music. true Debussy is considered to be an Impressionist composer true Debussys music rarely looks to influences from other cultures. false

Biography of Isabella I, Queen of Spain

Biography of Isabella I, Queen of Spain Isabella I of Spain (April 22, 1451–November 26, 1504) was the queen of Castile and Leà ³n in her own right and, through marriage, became the queen of Aragon.  She  married Ferdinand II of Aragon, bringing the kingdoms together into what became Spain under the rule of her grandson Charles V, the Holy Roman Emperor.  She sponsored Columbus voyages to the Americas and was known as  Isabel la Catolica, or Isabella the Catholic, for her role  in purifying the Roman Catholic faith by expelling Jews from her lands and defeating the Moors. Fast Facts: Queen Isabella Known For: Queen of Castile, Leà ³n, and Aragon (became Spain)Also Known As: Isabella the CatholicBorn: April 22, 1451 in Madrigal de las Altas Torres,  CastileParents: King John II of Castile, Isabella of PortugalDied: Nov. 26, 1504 in Medina del Campo, SpainSpouse: Ferdinand II of AragonChildren: Joanna of Castile, Catherine of Aragon, Isabella of Aragon, Maria of Aragon, and John, Prince of Asturias Early Life At her birth on April 22, 1451, Isabella was second in the line of succession to her father, King John II of Castile, following her older half-brother Henry.  She became third in line when her brother Alfonso was born in 1453. Her mother was  Isabella of Portugal, whose father was a son of King John I of Portugal and whose mother was a granddaughter of the same king.  Her fathers father was Henry III of Castile, and his mother was Catherine of Lancaster, the daughter of John of Gaunt (third son of Englands Edward III) and Johns second wife, the Infanta Constance of Castile. Isabellas half-brother became Henry IV, king of Castile, when their father, John II, died in 1454 when Isabella was 3. Isabella was raised by her mother until 1457, when the two children were brought to court by Henry to keep them from being used by opposition nobles. Isabella was well educated.  Her tutors included Beatriz Galindo, a professor at the University at Salamanca in philosophy, rhetoric, and medicine. Succession Henrys first marriage ended in divorce and without children. When his second wife, Joan of Portugal,  gave birth to daughter Juana in 1462, the opposition nobles  claimed that Juana was the daughter of Beltran de la Cueva, duke of Albuquerque. Thus, shes known in history as Juana la Beltraneja. The oppositions attempt to replace Henry with Alfonso failed, with the final defeat coming in July 1468 when Alfonso died of suspected poisoning. historians, however, consider it more likely he succumbed to the plague. He had named Isabella his successor. Isabella was offered the crown by the nobles but she refused, probably because she didnt believe she could maintain that claim in opposition to Henry.  Henry was willing to compromise with the nobles and accept Isabella as his heiress. Marriage Isabella married Ferdinand of Aragon, a second cousin, in October 1469 without Henrys approval. The cardinal of Valentia, Rodrigo Borgia (later Pope Alexander VI), helped Isabel and Ferdinand obtain the necessary papal dispensation, but the couple still had to resort to pretenses and disguises to carry out the ceremony in Valladolid.  Henry withdrew his recognition and named Juana as his heir.  At Henrys death in 1474, a war of succession ensued, with Alfonso V of Portugal, prospective husband of Isabellas rival Juana, supporting Juanas claims. The dispute was settled in 1479 with Isabella recognized as Queen of Castile. Ferdinand by this time had become King of Aragon, and the two ruled both realms with equal authority, unifying Spain. Among their first acts were various reforms to reduce the power of the nobility and increase the power of the crown. After her marriage, Isabella appointed Galindo as tutor to her children. Galindo founded hospitals and schools in Spain, including the Hospital of the Holy Cross in Madrid, and probably served as an adviser to Isabella after she became queen. Catholic Monarchs In 1480, Isabella and Ferdinand instituted the Inquisition in Spain, one of many changes to the role of the church instituted by the monarchs. The Inquisition was aimed mostly at Jews and Muslims who had overtly converted to Christianity but were thought to be practicing their faiths secretly. They were seen as heretics who rejected Roman Catholic orthodoxy. Ferdinand and Isabella were given the title the Catholic monarchs by  Pope Alexander VI in recognition of their role in purifying the faith. Among Isabellas other religious pursuits, she took a special interest in the Poor Clares. an order of nuns. Isabella and Ferdinand planned to unify all of Spain by continuing a long-standing but stalled effort to expel the Moors, Muslims who held parts of Spain. In 1492, the Muslim Kingdom of Granada fell to Isabella and Ferdinand, thus completing the Reconquista. That same year, Isabella and Ferdinand issued an edict expelling all Jews in Spain who refused to convert to Christianity. New World Also in 1492, Christopher Columbus convinced Isabella to sponsor his first voyage of exploration. By the traditions of the time, when Columbus was the first European to encounter lands in the New World, these lands were given to Castile. Isabella took a special interest in the Native Americans of the new lands. When some were brought back to Spain as slaves, she insisted they be returned and freed, and her will expressed her wish that the Indians be treated with justice and fairness. Death and Legacy By her death on Nov. 26, 1504, Isabellas sons, grandsons, and her older daughter Isabella, queen of Portugal, had already died, leaving as Isabellas only heir Mad Joan Juana, who became queen of Castile in 1504 and of Aragon in 1516. Isabella was a patron of scholars and artists, establishing educational institutions and building a large collection of artwork. She learned Latin as an adult and was widely read, and she educated her daughters as well as her sons. The youngest daughter, Catherine of Aragon, became the first wife of Henry VIII of England and mother of Mary I of England. Isabellas will, the only writing that she left, summarizes what she thought were her reigns achievements as well as her wishes for the future. In 1958, the Roman Catholic church began the process to canonize Isabella.  After an exhaustive investigation, the commission appointed by the church determined that she had a reputation of sanctity and was inspired by Christian values. In 1974, she was recognized with the title Servant of God by the Vatican, a step in the process of canonization. Sources Isabella I: Queen of Spain. Encyclopedia Brittanica.Isabella I. Encyclopedia.com.

Socrates Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words - 3

Socrates - Essay Example It is however not well known how Socrates supported himself. Whereas some contemporaries point out that he got paid for teaching philosophy, others like Plato points out Socrates did not accept any payment, citing his poor status as a proof of lack of payment. During his late adulthood, Socrates married a young woman Xanthippe and together had three sons Lamprocles, Sophroniscus and Menexenus. Socrates however had little to do with the upbringing of his sons and more with the intellectual and philosophical development of the Athens youth. He also served as an Athenian soldier and participated in three military campaigns one in which he personally saved the life of a popular Athenian general (Cohen, 30). Socrates’ philosophy was greatly preoccupied with the notion of the good and evil of the society. His aim was to bring about an ethical society that depended on the inner need to live ethically rather than being guided by theological or other perspectives (Abel, 430). Socrates work therefore founded a basis for the development of theories of ethics and republic that were coined by later philosophers. First, Socrates believed that the true value of life is in the pursuit of true knowledge. From his perspective, â€Å"the unexamined life is not worth living† (Cohen, 46). To stress on ethics as a concept to die for, he does not accept exile when convicted and chooses to remain in Athens and face death in an environment where he could cross-examine people as he wished. Although he feels that he is the one wronged by the state and those who brought him to trial ( Abel, 11). In the light of the ethics, he proposed, Socrates explained further the notion of soul and the body. The soul and the body exist separately. â€Å"An orderly soul will, therefore, be able to rule over bodily desires†¦Ã¢â‚¬  and lead the thoughts towards what is ethical and true (Cohen, 46). After the accusations and ultimate conviction,